What is a Peptic Ulcer and How Does It Affect Your Digestive Health?

What is a Peptic Ulcer?

A peptic ulcer is a sore that forms on the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine. These sores can cause pain and other problems. Usually, peptic ulcers develop when the protective layer of the stomach or intestine gets damaged. As a result, stomach acid can harm the tissue underneath. Peptic ulcers are common and can affect people of all ages. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of people worldwide experience peptic ulcers each year.

Common Symptoms

Peptic ulcer symptoms can vary from person to person. However, some signs are more common. If you notice any of these symptoms, you should pay attention:

Burning pain in the stomach, often between meals or at night

Bloating or feeling full quickly

Frequent burping

Nausea or vomiting

Dark or black stools (a sign of bleeding)

Unexplained weight loss

Sometimes, symptoms may be mild at first. But over time, they can become worse. In rare cases, ulcers can cause severe pain or bleeding.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several causes and risk factors for peptic ulcers. Most often, they are linked to:

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria

Regular use of painkillers like aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen

Smoking or using tobacco products

Drinking too much alcohol

High stress levels (may make symptoms worse)

Family history of ulcers

Not everyone with these risk factors will get a peptic ulcer. However, having more than one risk factor increases your chances. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), H. pylori infection is the most common cause worldwide.

Diagnosis

Doctors use several methods for peptic ulcer diagnosis. First, they will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Then, they may recommend tests such as:

Breath test to check for H. pylori infection

Stool test to look for blood or bacteria

Blood test for signs of infection

Upper endoscopy, where a thin tube with a camera looks inside your stomach

X-rays with a special dye to see the stomach and intestines

Early diagnosis helps prevent serious problems. Therefore, it is important to see a doctor if you have symptoms.

Treatment Options

Peptic ulcer treatment depends on the cause. Most ulcers heal with medicine. Doctors may suggest:

Antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection

Medicines that reduce stomach acid, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Medicines that protect the stomach lining

Stopping or changing painkillers if they caused the ulcer

In rare cases, surgery may be needed if the ulcer does not heal or causes bleeding. Most people feel better within a few weeks of starting treatment. However, you should always finish your medicine as prescribed.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

You can lower your risk of peptic ulcers by making healthy choices. Here are some tips on how to prevent peptic ulcers:

Wash your hands often to avoid H. pylori infection

Limit use of painkillers like aspirin and ibuprofen

Do not smoke or use tobacco

Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Additionally, regular check-ups can help catch problems early. If you have a family history of ulcers, talk to your doctor about your risk.

When to See a Doctor

Sometimes, peptic ulcers can cause serious problems. You should see a doctor if you have:

Severe or sudden stomach pain

Bloody or black stools

Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds

Unexplained weight loss

Symptoms that do not improve with treatment

Early treatment can prevent complications. Therefore, do not wait if you notice these warning signs.

In summary, peptic ulcers are common but treatable. With the right care and lifestyle changes, most people recover fully. Consult a healthcare professional at Health First Hospital for personalized advice on peptic ulcers.