PICA in Children: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is PICA in Children?

PICA in children is a condition where kids eat things that are not food. For example, some children may eat dirt, clay, paper, or even chalk. This behavior lasts for at least one month and is not part of a child’s normal development. Although young children sometimes put things in their mouths, PICA goes beyond this stage. In fact, it is considered one of the childhood eating disorders. According to the CDC, PICA can affect children of any age, but it is more common in young kids and those with developmental issues.

Common Symptoms of PICA

Children with PICA often show clear signs. However, these signs can be easy to miss. Watch for these symptoms:

Eating non-food items like dirt, sand, clay, chalk, paper, soap, or hair

Chewing or swallowing things that are not food for at least one month

Stomach pain or upset stomach

Problems with digestion or bowel movements

Signs of poisoning or infection, especially if the child eats harmful items

Sometimes, children may try to hide this behavior. Therefore, parents should watch for missing household items or unusual smells.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several reasons why PICA in children may develop. While the exact cause is not always clear, some common risk factors include:

Iron or zinc deficiency, which can lead to cravings for non-food items

Developmental disorders, such as autism or intellectual disabilities

Stress or neglect at home

Family history of eating disorders

Living in areas with high lead exposure

In addition, children with mental health issues may be at higher risk. Sometimes, cultural practices can also play a role. However, most cases are linked to nutritional or developmental problems.

How PICA is Diagnosed

Doctors use several steps to diagnose PICA in children. First, they ask about the child’s eating habits and health history. Next, they may do a physical exam to check for signs of illness or malnutrition. Blood tests can help find low iron or zinc levels. Sometimes, doctors order X-rays if they think the child swallowed something dangerous. Importantly, the doctor will rule out other childhood eating disorders. If needed, a mental health expert may join the care team. Early diagnosis helps prevent serious health problems.

Treatment Options for PICA

Treating PICA in children depends on the cause. Usually, treatment includes:

Correcting any vitamin or mineral deficiencies with supplements

Behavioral therapy to help the child stop eating non-food items

Family counseling to support healthy habits at home

Medical care for any health issues caused by eating non-food items

In some cases, doctors may work with teachers or school counselors. With the right help, most children improve over time. However, ongoing support is important to prevent relapse.

Tips for Parents and Prevention

Parents and caregivers play a key role in managing PICA in children. Here are some helpful tips:

Keep non-food items out of reach, especially harmful ones

Offer healthy snacks and meals to reduce cravings

Watch for signs of PICA symptoms and act early

Encourage safe play and positive behaviors

Talk to your child about what is safe to eat

Work with teachers and caregivers to monitor your child

Although PICA can be worrying, early action makes a big difference. In addition, regular check-ups help catch any problems quickly.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you notice your child eating non-food items, do not wait. Seek medical help if:

Your child eats things like dirt, paint, or soap for more than one month

There are signs of poisoning, such as vomiting or stomach pain

Your child has trouble breathing or swallowing

You see sudden changes in behavior or health

Early treatment can prevent serious health risks. Therefore, always talk to a pediatrician at Health First Hospital if you are concerned.

If you suspect your child has PICA, consult a pediatrician at Health First Hospital for personalized advice.